Pelajaran 47 – Menghubungkan Waktu Lampau Dengan Saat Ini Bagian 2

PART I: BEFORE THE BROADCAST

MENGHUBUNGKAN WAKTU LAMPAU DENGAN WAKTU SEKARANG—lanjutan

Pemakaian beberapa kata keterangan waktu lainnya dengan Present Perfect Tense

YET = APAKAH . . . SUDAH?

BELUM

ALREADY = SUDAH

Have you finished YET? -> No, not YET

Has she arrived YET? -> No, not YET

Have you read it YET? -> No, not YET

Have you finished YET? -> Yes, I’ve ALREADY finished

Has she arrived YET? -> Yes, she’s ALREADY arrived

Have you read it YET? -> Yes, I’ve ALREADY read it

Catatan:

Kata YET hanya dipakai dalam pertanyaan dan kalimat menyangkal: dalam pertanyaan selalu diletakkan pada akhir kalimat, dan dalam kalimat menyangkal biasanya juga demikian. (I haven’t finished yet.)

Kata ALREADY hanya dipakai dalam kalimat berita (mengyakan) dan dapat diletakkan dalam dua tempat: I’ve already finished atau I’ve finished already. (Kata already tidak dapat dipakai sendiri sebagai jawaban singkat: Have you finished? Yes, I have.)

RECENTLY / LATELY = akhir-akhir ini

Have you seen any good films recently/lately?

He hasn’t phoned her recently/lately.

Catatan:

Kata RECENTLY dan kata LATELY hampir sama artinya dalam bahasa Inggris, tetapi kata RECENTLY lebih sering dipakai.

Kata RECENTLY dapat dipakai pada tiga tempat dalam sebuah kalimat berita:

I’ve learnt to drive recently. (Tempat yang paling sering dipakai.)

I’ve recently learnt to drive.

Recently, I’ve learnt to drive.

Kata LATELY dipakai terutama dalam pertanyaan dan kalimat menyangkal.

Have you seen any good films lately?

I haven’t seen any good films lately.

(Lebih baik memakai kata recently dari pada kata lately, karena pemakaian kata lately tidak selalu dapat digunakan.)

JUST = BARU

Has Iwan arrived yet? -> Yes, he’s just come in. (hanya jawaban mengyakan)

Have you finished yet? -> Yes, I’ve just finished.

Pertanyaan

Has Iwan just arrived? -> Yes, he has.

Have you just finished? -> Yes, I have.

Catatan: Perhatikanlah letak kata just dalam kalimat-kalimat di atas. Kata just itu hanya dapat diletakkan di tempat tersebut.

Perbedaan antara He’s been to . . . / He’s gone to . . .

Jack HAS GONE to America berarti, bahwa dia sedang dalam perjalanan ke Amerika, atau sudah berada di Amerika.

Jack HAS BEEN to America berarti, bahwa Jack pernah pergi ke Amerika dalam waktu yang lampau. Sekarang dia tidak di sana.

Pemakaian have dalam Present Perfect Tense

Kalau kita ingin memakai have sebagai kata kerja utama dalam Present Perfect Tense kita memakai:

HAVE/HAS + HAD:

I have had breakfast already. -> I’ve had . . .

He has had a check-up recently. -> He’s had . . .

Kesulitan dengan pengucapan

Kalau kata kerja utama dalam Present Perfect Tense mulai dengan -s, susah sekali mendengar bunyi -s pada akhir kata has, karena bunyi itu diperpendek. Coba latih mengucapkan kalimat-kalimat berikut:

He has stopped -> He’s stopped [hīz STOPT]

She has studied -> She’s studied [syīz STADīd]

He has started -> He’s started [hīz STĀtəd]

She has smiled -> She’s smiled [syīz SMAILD]

BERSIAP-SIAPLAH UNTUK MENDENGAR KATA-KATA DAN UNGKAPAN INI DALAM SIARAN

speak — spoke — spoken [SPĪK — SPOUK — SPOUKən]

begin — began — begun [bəGIN — bəGÆN — bəGAN]

come — came — come [KAM — KEIM — KAM]

go — went — gone [GOU — WENT — GON]

tell — told — told [TEL — TOULD — TOULD]

put — put — put [PUT — PUT — PUT]

have — had — had [HÆV — HÆD — HÆD]

to leave for [tə LĪV fə] = berangkat menuju

speak to someone about something [SPĪK tə SAMwan əbaut SAMthing] = berbicara dengan seseorang mengenai sesuatu

a surprise [səPRAIZ] = sesuatu yang tidak diduga-duga

He’s on his way to . . . [hīz_on_(h)iz WEI tə/tū] = dia sedang dalam perjalanan ke

yet [YET]

already [ōlREDi]

recently [RĪsəntli]

lately [LEITli]

just [JAST]

Sekarang, mari persiapkan diri untuk mengikuti siaran interaktif berikut:

[kunci_kursus pin=”1996″]

PART II: AFTER THE BROADCAST

PERCAKAPAN

ALAN: I haven’t seen Tom recently.

BILL: He’s gone to America.

ALAN: Oh? When did he go?

BILL: He went a few weeks ago. Have you ever been there?

ALAN: No, I haven’t. I’ve been to Europe, but I haven’t been to America yet.

BILL: As a matter of fact, I’ve just had a letter from Tom.

ALAN: Oh, yes. How is he?

BILL: He’s fine. He’s already visited a lot of interesting places.

LATIHAN

A. Sempurnakanlah kalimat berikut dengan memakai yet atau already.

Contoh: Have you read this book . . . . . . . . ?

Jawab: Have you read this book yet?

Contoh: He’s . . . . . . . . gone home.

Jawab: He’s already gone home.

1. I haven’t met Mrs Smith . . . . . . . . ?
2. Has he finished his exams . . . . . . . . ?
3. She’s . . . . . . . . cleaned the bathroom.
4. We’ve told her . . . . . . . .
5. They haven’t had a rest . . . . . . . .
6. Has she begun . . . . . . . . ?

B. Pilihlah He’s been to atau He’s gone to.

Contoh: He visited Perth two years ago.

Jawab: He’s been to Perth.

Contoh: He’s in Perth now. He isn’t here.

Jawab: He’s gone to Perth.

1. He’s on his way to America.
2. He visited Brisbane two years ago.
3. He visited Darwin last year.
4. He’s just left for Japan.
5. He went to Perth yesterday.
6. He visited Russia in 1970.

[/kunci_kursus]