Pelajaran 34 – Membandingkan Dua Orang atau Benda

PART I: BEFORE THE BROADCAST

BAGAIMANA MEMANDINGKAN DUA ORANG ATAU BENDA (ATAU DUA KELOMPOK ORANG ATAU BENDA)

Yang ada PERSAMAANNYA

Kalimat berita:

John is 175 cm. tall.

Bill is 175 cm. tall.

John is AS tall AS Bill.

These apples are 50c—they’re cheap (= murah).

Those apples are 50c too.

These apples are as cheap as those apples.

My mother is forty.

My father is forty too.

My mother is as old as my father.

His car was $9,000—it was expensive.

My car was $9,000 too.

His car was as expensive as my car.

Apakah ada persamaannya?

Pertanyaan:

Is John as tall as Bill? = Apakah John setinggi Bill?

Are these apples as cheap as those apples?

Is your mother as old as your father? = Apakah ibu saudara sama tuanya dengan ayah saudara?

Kita memakai as + kata sifat + as untuk menunjukkan persamaan antara dua orang atau benda. Kata sifat yang dipakai menunjukkan apa persamaan itu.

Yang ada PERBEDAANNYA

Kalimat berita (a):

Fred is 180 cm. tall.

Jack is 175 cm. tall.

Fred is tallER THAN Jack.

These bananas are 60 cents.

Those bananas are 80 cents.

These bananas are cheaper than those bananas.

My brother is fifteen.

My sister is twenty.

My sister is older than my brother.

Kalimat berita (b):

Her garden isn’t very beautiful.

Our garden is beautiful.

Our garden is MORE beautiful THAN her garden.

Mary is very excited. (excited = sangat gembira)

John is quite excited.

Mary is more excited than John.

Dalam contoh ini, Very berarti sangat. Quite (atau Rather) berarti cukup.

Apakah ada perbedaan? (Apakah salah seorang/satu lebih . . . dari pada yang lain?)

Pertanyaan:

Is Fred tallER than Jack?

Is her garden MORE beautiful than our garden?

Is your brother oldER than your sister?

Is this chair MORE comfortable than that chair?

Are these bananas cheapER than those?

Is Mary MORE excited than John?

Kita memakai kata sifat + —er + than ATAU more + kata sifat + than untuk menunjukkan bahwa salah seorang/satu lebih . . . dari pada yang lain.

Perhatikanlah baik-baik:

Dengan kata sifat yang terdiri dari satu suku kata, kita tambahkan akhiran —er

tall — taller

Dengan kata sifat yang terdiri dari tiga atau lebih suku kata, kita pakai more di mukanya.

beautiful — more beautiful

Kata sifat yang terdiri dari dua suku kata dapat diberi akhiran —er atau dipakai more di mukanya (Pedomannya diberikan di bawah* .)

humid — more humid

easy — easier

Mereka tidak sama tingginya, dsb. (Lanjutan)

Is John as tall as Bill?

(Ini berarti: No, John isn’t as tall as Bill. Bill is taller than John.)

Is John as excited as Mary?

(Ini berarti: No, John isn’t as excited as Mary. Mary is more excited than John.)

Is their house as comfortable as your house?

(Ini berarti: No, their house isn’t as comfortable as my house. My house is more comfortable than their house.)

Catatan:

Ada cara lain untuk menunjukkan perbedaan antara dua orang atau benda:

Russia is a bigger country than Japan. (Russia is bigger than Japan.)

This is a nicer place than that.

He is a more important man than his brother.

*2. Beberapa pedoman mengenai kata sifat yang terdiri dari dua suku kata:

(a) Kata sifat yang berakhir dengan —ful dan —ous dipakai dengan kata more di mukanya:

careful (= hati-hati) — more careful

doubtful (= ragu-ragu) — more doubtful

famous — more famous

(b) Kata sifat yang berakhir dengan —er atau —y atau —ly, mendapat akhiran —er:

clever (= pandai) — cleverer atau: more clever

busy — busier

pretty — prettier

lovely — lovelier

Perhatikanlah bahwa kalau suatu kata sifat berakhir dengan -y atau -ly, maka huruf -y berubah menjadi -i dalam bentuk perbandingannya. (lonely — lonelier, busy — busier, heavy — heavier)

Latihlah ucapan kata than (biasanya [ðən]):

It’s hotter than Jakarta. [əts HOTə ðən jəKĀtə]

dan juga ucapan as . . . as [əz . . . əz]:

George is as old as Bill. [JŌJ əz_əz_OULD_əz BIL]

dan latihlah ucapan isn’t_as [IZənt_əz]:

She isn’t as nice as Sue. [syīy_IZənt_əz NAIS_əz SŪ]

Dalam siaran, saudara akan mendengar:

Jakarta’s weather (= udara Jakarta) is more humid than Sydney’s.

Perhatikanlah ‘s dalam contoh di atas. Artinya ialah Sydney’s weather. (Kata weather dihilangkan.)

My house is bigger than Mary’s (house).

His job is easier than Jack’s (job).

BERSIAP-SIAPLAH UNTUK MENDENGAR KATA-KATA DAN UNGKAPAN-UNGKAPAN BERIKUT DALAM SIARAN

Kata sifat:

humid [HYŪməd] = lembab

regular [REGyələ] = teratur

excited [ikSAltəd] = gembira

useful [YŪSfəl] = berguna

cheap [ČĪP] = murah

wonderful [WANdəfəl] = sangat bagus

exciting [ikSAltiŋ] = menggairahkan

economical [īkəNOMikəl / ekəNOMikəl] = hemat

true [TRŪ] = benar

safe [SEIF] = aman

dangerous [DEInǰərəs] = berbahaya

crowded [KRAUdəd] = penuh/sesak

Kata benda:

an answer [ÆNsə/ĀNsə] = jawaban

the weather [WEDHə] = cuaca

a building [BILdiŋ] = gedung

a trip [TRIP] = perjalanan

an opportunity [opəTYŪNəti] = kesempatan

a motor-bike [MOUtəbaik] = sepeda motor

a market [MĀkət] = pasar

Kata kerja:

plan [PLÆN]

borrow [BORou] = meminjam

Ungkapan:

Sure, what is it? [SYŌ, wot_IZ_ət] = Tentu saja, ada apa?

Fantastic! [fænTÆStik] = Luar biasa!

more . . . than . . . [mō(ə) . . . dhən] = lebih . . . dari pada . . .

as . . . as . . . = se- . . . /sama . . . -nya dengan (misalnya: setinggi/sama tingginya dengan)

a few days ago [ə fyū DEIZ_əgou] = beberapa hari yang lalu

describe [dəSKRAIB] = menggambarkan/melukiskan

show [SYOU] = memperlihatkan

careful [KEəfəl]

doubtful [DAUTfəl]

clever [KLEVə]

a flower [FLAUə] = bunga

a bicycle [BAIsəkəl] = sepeda

slowly [SLOUli] = dengan perlahan-lahan

SAYINGS [SEIyiŋz] = PERUMPAMAAN (INGGERIS)

as happy as a sandboy [əz HÆPiy_əz_ə SÆNDboi] = sangat gembira

as cold as ice [əz KOULD_əz_AIS] = dingin bagaikan es (sedingin es)

as bitter as a lemon [əz BITər_əz_ə LEMən] = pahit sebagai empedu

as dry as a bone [əz DRAIy_əz_ə BOUN] = kering mersik

as slow as a wet week [əz SLOUw_əz_ə WET WĪK] = selambat siput

as pretty as a picture [əz PRITiy_əz_ə PIKčə] = cantik sekali

as fit as a fiddle [əz FIT_əz_ə FIDəl] = sehat sekali

Sekarang, mari persiapkan diri untuk mengikuti siaran interaktif berikut:

PART II: AFTER THE BROADCAST

PERCAKAPAN

JANE: You know, Perth’s a lovely city.

SALLY: It isn’t as big as Sydney.

JANE: True—Sydney’s bigger than Perth.

SALLY: Is the weather as nice as Sydney’s?

JANE: Well, it was very good when I was there. And I think Perth is a more beautiful city than Sydney.

SALLY: Do you? What about Sydney’s harbour?

JANE: I think Perth’s river is more beautiful than Sydney’s harbour. The river isn’t as wide, of course . . .

SALLY: And are the people in Perth nice?

JANE: Oh, yes. They’re just as nice as the people in Sydney.

SALLY: It sounds wonderful. I must go there for my next holiday.

LATIHAN

A. Berikut ini beberapa keterangan tentang dua orang bersaudara. Bacalah keterangan tersebut, kemudian bandingkanlah kedua saudara itu dengan memakai dua cara.

Contoh: Jack’s lazy. Bill isn’t very lazy.

Jawab: Jack’s lazier than Bill. Bill isn’t as lazy as Jack.

Contoh: Jack’s very talkative. Bill isn’t very talkative.

Jawab: Jack’s more talkative than Bill. Bill isn’t as talkative as Jack.

1. Jack’s ten. Bill’s twelve.
2. Jack’s fat. Bill isn’t very fat.
3. Jack’s quite clever. Bill’s very clever.
4. Jack isn’t tall. Bill’s tall.
5. Jack isn’t very serious. Bill’s serious.
6. Jack’s noisy. Bill isn’t very noisy.

B. Isilah titik-titik dalam setiap kalimat di bawah ini dengan ‘kata sifat + -er’ atau ‘more + kata sifat + than’.

Contoh: He’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . his sister. (tall)

Jawab: He’s taller than his sister.

Contoh: The river’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . the harbour. (beautiful)

Jawab: The river’s more beautiful than the harbour.

1. He’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . his friend. (talkative)
2. The bananas were . . . . . . . . . . . . . the oranges. (cheap)
3. The afternoon was . . . . . . . . . . . . . the morning. (humid)
4. This street’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . the next street. (wide)
5. He’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . I am. (clever)
6. She’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . I am. (careful)
7. This book’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . that book. (exciting)
8. The secretary’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . the boss. (busy)