Pelajaran 98 – Mengenang Masa Lalu

PART I: BEFORE THE BROADCAST

REMEMBERING THE GOOD OLD DAYS ( = Mengenangkan masa lalu/dahulu)

USED TO + INFINITIVE

Positive Statements

Margaret dan Bert sedang berbicara tentang masa ketika mereka masih muda…

MARGARET: Remember—I USED TO live [YŪStə LIV] on a farm ( = Masih ingat—Saya dahulu tinggal di tanah pertanian.)

BERT: And I USED TO work in a post office.

Mereka memberi tahu Chris dan Iwan tentang hari-hari itu…

MARGARET: We USED TO have a picnic every Sunday.

BERT: Margaret USED TO make her own ice cream. ( = Margaret dahulu biasa membuat es krim sendiri.)

Kita memakai bentuk USED TO + INFINITIVE kalau kita berbicara tentang kebiasaan atau kegiatan kita sehari-hari pada masa lalu—yaitu hal-hal yang biasa kita kerjakan pada waktu lampau tetapi sekarang tidak kita kerjakan lagi.

Bentuknya sama untuk semua orang: he used to live…; I used to work… dsb.

Catatan:
(a) Bentuk itu dipakai untuk masa lampau SAJA.
(b) Ucapan used [YŪST] pada used to tidak sama dengan ucapan bentuk lampau kata kerja use, yang diucapkan: [YŪZD].

Questions, negatives and short answers

CHRIS: Did you use to fish a lot then, Dad?

BERT: Yes, I did.

MARGARET: We didn’t use to have T.V. then.

BERT: No, we didn’t.

Pertanyaan, kalimat negatip dan jawaban singkat dibentuk dengan menggunakan kata kerja pembantu DID/DIDN’T, seperti pada the Simple Past Tense.

Perhatikan, kita menuliskan use, dan tidak used: Did you use to listen to the radio more before you had T.V.?

Ada cara lain untuk membuat pertanyaan, kalimat negatip dan jawaban singkat, tetapi bentuk ini kurang biasa dipakai: dalam hal ini kita tidak memakai kata did, tetapi hanya mengubah susunan katanya—

Used you to work in the town? (Short answers: No, I usedn’t to or Yes, I used to.)

I usedn’t to have T.V. [YŪSənt]

(in the town = in that town, yaitu in that small town in the country. ‘Di kota’ biasanya = in town)

Question tags

IWAN: You used to ride a lot, didn’t you? (ride = ride a horse)

BERT: Yes, I did.

Question tag tersebut paling biasa dipakai, tetapi question tag berikut ini kadang-kadang juga dipakai.

IWAN: You used to ride a lot, usedn’t you?

BERT: Yes, I used to.

Short forms

With “be” and other special verbs

BERT: Margaret isn’t shy now, but she used to be ( = she used to be shy).

MARGARET: Yes, and Bert isn’t a good tennis-player now, but he used to be.

MARGARET: I can’t run very fast now, but I used to be able to.

With other verbs

BERT: I don’t like fishing now, but I used to ( = I used to like fishing).

MARGARET: Yes, and I don’t make ice cream now, but I used to.

Contoh-contoh tersebut menunjukkan pemakaian yang biasa dari bentuk used to untuk membandingkan sesuatu hal yang pernah kita lakukan pada masa lampau dengan kebiasaan kita sekarang.

Perhatikanlah: kalau used to [YŪStū] dipakai dalam bentuk singkat, kata to diucapkan sepenuhnya sebagai [tū], dan tidak [tə].

The passive

MARGARET: The mail used to be delivered once a week then.

Bentuk pasip itu terdiri dari USED TO + BE + PAST PARTICIPLE.

Berikut ini beberapa contoh lagi:

Ice used to BE deliverED to our house.

The lessons used to BE senT from Sydney.

Two men used to BE employED on the farm.

Horses used to BE ridDEN a lot.

Beberapa kata/ungkapan waktu lagi yang sering dipakai untuk berbicara tentang masa lalu

Once ( = dulu pernah)

Once upon a time ( = sekali peristiwa, pada suatu ketika) (Ungkapan ini biasanya dipakai pada permulaan dongeng atau cerita lama)

In the (good) old days ( = tempo dulu, masa lalu)

When we were young / When I was a boy / girl / When I was little ( = Waktu saya kecil)

As kids we… ( = Sebagai anak-anak, kami…)

Those were the days ( = Itu di masa lalu)

In the broadcast you will hear two songs. Here are some of the English words:

THOSE WERE THE DAYS

Once upon a time there was a tavern

Where we used to raise a glass or two.

Remember how we laughed away the hours,

Think of all the great things we would do.

Those were the days, my friend—

We thought they’d never end,

We’d sing and dance forever and a day;

We’d live the life we choose,

We’d fight and never lose,

For we were young and sure to have our way.

forever and a day = always (bahasa sastra)

REMEMBER THE DAYS OF THE OLD SCHOOL YARD

“Remember the days of the old school yard—

We used to laugh a lot.

Oh—don’t you remember the days of the old school yard?

… When we had imaginings

and we had all kinds of things

and we laughed and needed love?”

“Yes, I do … Oh—and I remember you.”

BE READY FOR THESE WORDS AND PHRASES IN THE BROADCAST

the old days [dhīy_OUL(D) DEIZ]

the good old days [dhə GUD_OUL(D) DEIZ]

a sulky [SALki] = kereta kuda

correspondence lessons [korəSPONDəns-lesənz] = pelajaran dengan surat-menyurat

electricity [elikTRISəti] = listrik

a water supply from the town [WŌtə-səplai frəm dhə TAUN] = persediaan air dari kota

a tractor [TRÆKtə] = traktor

a kerosene lamp [KERəsīn LÆMP] = lampu minyak

a rider [RAIdə] = penunggang/pengendara

once [WANS]

as kids [əz KIDZ]

once upon a time [WANS_əPON_ə TAIM]

when I was little [wen_ai wəz LITəl]

those were the days [DHOUZ wə dhə DEIZ]

It reminds me of sth. [ət rəMAINDZ mīy_əv . . .] = Itu mengingatkan saya kepada sesuatu . . .

You used to ride out from the town to the farm [yū YŪStə RAID_aut frəm dhə TAUN tə dhə FĀM] = Saudara dulu biasa menunggang kuda dari kota ke tanah pertanian/ladang

they used to go riding [dhei YŪStə GOU RAIDiŋ] = mereka dahulu biasa menunggang kuda

You had kids of your own [yū hæd KIDZ_əv yər/yōr_OUN] = Saudara mempunyai anak sendiri

the Aboriginal people [dhīy_æbəRIJənəl PĪpəl] = penduduk pribumi (Aborijin) Australia

a European [yūrəPĪyən] = orang Eropa

bark [BĀK] = kulit kayu

a grandfather [GRÆNfādhə] = kakek

hunt [HANT] = berburu

move around [MŪV_əROUND] = hidup berpindah-pindah

nowadays [NAUwədeiz] = dewasa ini

home-made [HOUM MEID] = buatan sendiri

permanent [Pə̄mənənt] = tetap

Sekarang, mari persiapkan diri untuk mengikuti siaran interaktif berikut:

PART II: AFTER THE BROADCAST

THE GOOD OLD DAYS

In the broadcast Margaret and Bert talked about the days when they were young. They lived in the country and everything was different then. When Margaret was little not many people had cars and her parents used to go to town by sulky. She used to have correspondence lessons. There is a special school in Sydney that sends lessons to children in the country. The lessons are sent and returned by mail. Margaret used to make her own ice cream and her mother used to make her own bread. In fact, many things were home-made then—jam, cakes, butter—all these things were made at home.

Later in the broadcast Margaret and Bert were visited by an old Aboriginal man they used to know. He told them about his grandfather, who used to live the old life of the Aboriginal people. His grandfather used to hunt and fish and move around the country looking for food. Before the Europeans came to Australia the Aboriginal people didn’t build houses like the ones in Australia today. Their houses were made of bark, because they didn’t need permanent houses.

EXERCISES

Lihatlah bacaan lagi “The Good Old Days”, dan kemudian jawablah pertanyaan berikut.

1. How did Margaret’s parents go to town when she was little? (They . . . .)
2. Did Margaret use to have correspondence lessons? (Short answer)
3. Write down three things that used to be made at home when Margaret was young.
4. Who visited Margaret and Bert? (An . . . .)
5. What were most Aboriginal houses made of in the old days? (They . . . .)
6. Why were their houses made of bark? (Because . . . .)

Kerjakanlah latihan berikut sesuai dengan contoh:

Example: I used to smoke. -> Answer: I used to smoke, but I don’t now.

1. They used to live in the country.
2. She used to go out a lot.
3. He used to smoke.
4. We used to visit them a lot.