Pelajaran 54 – Berbicara Tentang Sesuatu yang Sudah Selesai di Masa Lampau

PART I: BEFORE THE BROADCAST

BAGAIMANA BERBICARA TENTANG SESUATU YANG SUDAH SELESAI DI MASA LAMPAU

SEBELUM SUATU SAAT YANG LAMPAU

The party began before 9.

We arrived at 9.

By 9 the party HAD already BEGUN.

HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE = the PAST PERFECT TENSE

Tense ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu kejadian yang sudah selesai sebelum suatu saat tertentu di masa lampau. Dalam pemakaian ini, kata-kata by dan already sering digunakan:

By 9 last night the party had already started

the dancing had already begun

they had already served the food

some people had already eaten

some people had already left

Catatan: Dalam contoh-contoh ini kata already dapat dihilangkan.

SEBELUM SUATU KEJADIAN LAIN DI MASA LAMPAU

I finished my shopping

I met a friend

I HAD FINISHED my shopping when I met a friend

I’D FINISHED my shopping when I met a friend

The Past Perfect Tense juga dipakai untuk menggambarkan suatu kejadian yang sudah selesai sebelum suatu kejadian lain (kejadian kedua) mulai di masa lampau. Bagian kalimat yang melukiskan kejadian kedua dimulai dengan kata when:

I’d already eaten my dinner when a friend dropped in.

She’d already left when he phoned.

The rain had already stopped when the President arrived.

Catatan: Dalam contoh-contoh ini kata already dapat dihilangkan.

Beberapa catatan tentang the Past Perfect Tense

Dalam percakapan sehari-hari dan bahasa tertulis yang bersifat tidak resmi, kata had biasanya disingkat menjadi ‘d [(ə)d]:

he had -> he’d [hīd]

we had -> we’d [wīd] dsb

Kalau kata kerja utama yang dipakai adalah have, maka bentuknya dalam the Past Perfect Tense ialah:

The man had had his dinner (= had eaten his dinner)

He’d had his dinner

Kalau kata kerja utamanya mulai dengan [d], maka singkatan kata had akan sukar didengar. Berlatihlah mengucapkan contoh-contoh ini:

I’d done it [aid DAN_ət] (Selama mengikuti siaran, dengarkanlah dengan seksama contoh-contoh seperti ini.)

She’d driven it [syīd DRIVən_ət]

We’d drunk it [wīd DRANGK_ət]

Kalau tense ini dipakai dengan when, maka kedua bagian kalimatnya dapat dibalik, tanpa mengubah arti kalimat itu:

I’d finished the shopping when I met my friend.

atau: When I met my friend I’d finished the shopping.

SOME QUESTIONS and SOME SHORT ANSWERS

Had the party started by 9? Yes, it had.

Had they served the food by 9? No, they hadn’t.

Had anyone left by 9? No, they hadn’t.

Had the dancing begun by 9? Yes, it had.

SOME “WHY” QUESTIONS (POSITIVE) and SOME “BECAUSE” ANSWERS

Why did you go there? Because I hadn’t been there before.

Why did you tell him? Because no one else had told him.

Why did she check the list? Because no one else had checked it.

SOME “WHY” QUESTIONS (NEGATIVE) and SOME “BECAUSE” ANSWERS

Why didn’t you go and see the film? Because I’d already seen it / I’d seen it before.

I gave her the book. Why didn’t she read it? Because she’d already read it.

Why didn’t you check the list? Because some one else had already checked it.

SOME “HOW” QUESTIONS and SOME ANSWERS

How did you know the story of the film? I’d seen it before.

How did she know the way to the city? She’d been there before.

How did he know her name? He’d met her before.

BE READY FOR THESE WORDS AND PHRASES IN THE BROADCAST

a partner [PĀTnə] = pasangan

a club [KLAB] = kelab/klub

a poker machine [POUkə məsyīn] = mesin jekpot

do the gardening [GĀdəning] = berkebun

a wedding anniversary [WEDing ænəvǣsəri] = hari ulang tahun perkawinan

the Past Perfect Tense [dhə PĀST PƏfikt TENS]

the Past Participle [dhə PĀST PĀtəsipəl]

later [LEItə]

before then [bəFŌ DHEN] = sebelumnya (sebelum saat itu)

read-read-read [RĪD-RED-RED]

drive-drove-driven [DRAIV-DROUV-DRIVən]

we got there = we arrived there [wī GOT dhēə]

Sekarang, mari persiapkan diri untuk mengikuti siaran interaktif berikut: