Pelajaran 41 – Menjelaskan Sesuatu yang Berlangsung Pada Masa Lampau

PART I: BEFORE THE BROADCAST

Masih ingatkah? Bagaimana melukiskan sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung SAAT INI

She is (She’s) studying the lesson at the moment.

You are (You’re) reading this book.

I am (I’m) teaching you.

Sekarang… BAGAIMANA MELUKISKAN SESUATU YANG SEDANG BERLANGSUNG PADA SAAT YANG LAMPAU

She was studying a few moments ago.

He was talking on the phone a short time ago.

They were playing tennis an hour ago.

Perhatikanlah bahwa kita melukiskan sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung pada saat ini dan saat yang sudah lampau dengan cara yang sama.

Untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung pada saat yang sudah lampau, bentuk present kata kerja be (am/is/are) kita ganti dengan bentuk lampaunya (was/were) dan diikuti oleh kata kerja yang berakhir dengan -ING.

NOW

I am working hard now (I’m working) [aim Wəking]

She is typing at the moment (She’s typing) [syîz TAIping]

They are working in the garden now (They’re working) [dheə Wəking]

THEN = SAAT LAMPAU

I was working hard at this time yesterday too [ai wəz Wəking]

She was typing at this time yesterday too [syî wəz TAIping]

They were working there at 3 o’clock yesterday too [dhei wə Wəking]

(Perhatikan ucapan am/is/are dan was/were dalam percakapan sehari-hari.)

Lihatlah beberapa contoh lain yang melukiskan sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung pada suatu saat tertentu yang sudah lampau, dan perhatikan ungkapan-ungkapan waktu yang dipakai untuk maksud ini.

(Tense ini disebut the Past Continuous atau the Past Progressive.)

At 8 o’clock last night I was watching T.V.

(At) this time yesterday I was driving to Brisbane.

(At) this time last week they were staying in the country.

Kalau kita memakai tense ini, yang penting bagi kita ialah bahwa suatu kegiatan sedang berlangsung pada saat tertentu yang sudah lampau.

Kapan kegiatan itu mulai, atau selesai, tidaklah penting bagi kita.

Pertanyaan dengan memakai tense di atas

He was working (Kalimat berita)

Was he working? (Pertanyaan)

(Susunan kata dalam kalimat berita kita ubah.)

Were you working at 3 o’clock yesterday?

Was he talking on the phone a few minutes ago?

Were they practising an hour ago?

Yes, I was

No, he wasn’t

Yes, they were

(Seperti dengan banyak jawaban yang memakai yes/no, biasanya kita pakai jawaban yang singkat dalam percakapan sehari-hari.)

Perhatikanlah baik-baik contoh-contoh di bawah ini:

(Kegiatan utama yang lama dan sedang berlangsung) I was playing tennis…

(Kejadian yang menyela) …when he arrived.

She was listening to some records… when the phone rang (= berdering/berbunyi).

We were walking in the park… when the rain started.

Contoh-contoh di atas menggambarkan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada suatu saat yang sudah lampau, dan disela oleh suatu kegiatan/kejadian lain.

(Dalam hal ini, kapan kegiatan pertama mulai atau selesai juga tidak penting bagi kita. Yang penting hanyalah bahwa kegiatan yang pertama sedang berlangsung pada saat kegiatan kedua terjadi, dan bahwa kejadian yang kedua menyela kegiatan yang pertama.)

Perhatikanlah kedua jenis tense yang dipakai:

1 (Past Continuous) [PĀST kənTINyūwəs] I was playing, She was listening, We were walking

2 (Simple Past) [SIMpəl PĀST] he arrived, the phone rang, the rain started.

Dalam bahasa Inggris, kata kerja dapat dibagi menjadi dua kelompok:

Kata kerja yang menggambarkan sesuatu yang berlangsung lama.

Kata kerja yang menggambarkan suatu kejadian yang singkat.

Continuous tense dapat dipakai dengan kata kerja kelompok 1, kalau perlu.

Continuous tense biasanya tidak dipakai dengan kata kerja dalam kelompok 2, karena kejadian yang digambarkan oleh kata kerja seperti ini tidak berlangsung lama.

Sekarang lihatlah kata-kata kerja berikut (yang sudah saudara ketahui semuanya) dan perhatikan sifat kegiatan yang digambarkan oleh kata-kata itu:

KEGIATAN YANG LAMA: camp, type, chat, walk, clean, cry, make, write

KEJADiAN YANG SINGKAT: arrive, come in, break, end, catch, start, drop in, turn off

Lihatlah!

I was playing tennis -> when he arrived

She was speaking on the phone -> when the door opened

Kejadian kedua juga dapat kita sebutkan lebih dahulu (pada permulaan kalimat) tanpa mengubah arti keseluruhan kalimat:

The door opened when she was speaking on the phone.

He arrived when I was playing tennis.

Dan berikut ini pertanyaan yang berguna yang sering kita ajukan:

What were you doing when…?

CHRIS: What were you doing when Iwan arrived?

HELEN: I was making a cake.

IWAN: What were you doing when I saw you?

CHRIS: I was waiting for a bus.

BERSIAP-SIAPLAH UNTUK MENDENGAR KATA-KATA DAN UNGKAPAN INI DALAM SIARAN

bounce [BAUNS] = menjatuhkan bola ke tanah berkali-kali (seperti dalam permainan bola basket)

get on [GET_on] = naik (misalnya bis)

get off [GET_of] = turun (misalnya dari bis)

leave-left [LĪV-LEFT]

fall-fell [FŌL-FEL] = jatuh

get-got [GET-GOT]

ring-rang [RING-RÆNG]

(at) this time on Saturday = (pada) saat ini pada hari Sabtu [(ət) DHIS TAIM on SÆTədei]

a phone [FOUN] = tilpon/telepon

a passenger [PÆSənjə] = penumpang

a game of football [ə GEIməv FUTbōl] = satu permainan sepakbola

look down the street [LUK daun dhə STRĪT] = melihat ke jalan

think about [THINGK_əbaut] = memikirkan

wash up [WOSY_AP] = wash the dishes

go for a walk [GOU fər_ə WŌK] = pergi berjalan-jalan

fail [FEIL] = gagal

feel-felt [FĪL-FEL] = merasa

fill [FIL] = mengisi

(Berhati-hatilah! Jangan kacaukan fill – filled, feel – felt, fail – failed dan fall – fell!)

Sekarang, mari persiapkan diri untuk mengikuti siaran interaktif berikut:

PART II: AFTER THE BROADCAST

BACAAN

I want to tell you about last night. It was a very funny evening. I was at home and I was having dinner when the phone rang. It was Harry. He wanted to ask me to a party. Well! When I was talking to him someone knocked on the front door (= pintu muka). I was walking to the front door when someone knocked on the back door (= pintu belakang)! I didn’t know what to do! I asked Harry to wait and then I opened the front door. Joan was standing there. I asked her to wait too and then I went to the back door. But when I was walking to the back door I fell! I got up and opened the door. A man was standing there. I asked him to wait and then I went back to talk to Harry and Joan. But when I got to the front door, Joan was talking on the phone to Harry. I went back to the man. He was still standing there, but when he saw me, he left. Then Joan left too. I picked up the phone, but Harry wasn’t there. I was alone. I went back to my dinner, but when I was eating it, the phone rang and there was a knock on the front door and a knock on the back door…

LATIHAN

A. Pelajarilah contoh berikut, dan kerjakan latihan di bawah ini sesuai dengan contoh tersebut.

Contoh: The phone rang. (he)

Pertanyaan: What was he doing when the phone rang?

1. The plane landed. (you)
2. The film started. (she)
3. The bus stopped. (he)
4. The Prime Minister arrived. (they)
5. The ship left. (we)
6. My friend dropped in. (you)

B. Lengkapkanlah kalimat-kalimat berikut dengan bentuk yang betul dari kata kerja di dalam kurung. Apakah kata kerja itu menggambarkan suatu kegiatan yang lama atau singkat?

Contoh: When I (ARRIVE) … he (CLEAN) … the car.

Jawab: When I arrived he was cleaning the car.

1. When she (COME IN) … I (SLEEP) …
2. We (WORK) … when you (LEAVE) …
3. She (TRAVEL) … in Japan when she first (MEET) … her husband.
4. I (WALK) … to work when I (SEE) … an elephant.
5. When you (INTERRUPT) … he (TALK) …
6. When the plane (LAND) … we (READ) …

C. Berikut ini latihan yang lebih sukar. Jawablah setiap pertanyaan dengan memakai kata di dalam kurung.

Contoh 1: What were you doing when John arrived? (WORK)

Jawab: When John arrived I was working.

Contoh 2: What did you do when it started to rain? (GO INSIDE)

Jawab: When it started to rain I went inside.

1. What did you do when you saw the elephant? (SHOUT)
2. What were you doing when she left? (WORK)
3. What was she doing when she broke the cup? (WASH UP)
4. What did he do when you asked him? (ANSWER)
5. What did they do when the boss left? (GO HOME)
6. What was she doing when her husband came home? (PAINT)