Pelajaran 49 – Menghubungkan Waktu Lampau Dengan Saat Ini Bagian 3

PART I: BEFORE THE BROADCAST

MENGHUBUNGKAN WAKTU LAMPAU DENGAN WAKTU SEKARANG — Lanjutan

He began to work at 9 a.m.

He’s still working now

He has been working since 9 a.m.

Lihatlah contoh-contoh di bawah ini:

a. It started to rain at 9

It’s still raining

It’S BEEN rainING since 9

He began to study an hour ago

He’s still studying

He’S BEEN studyING for an hour

I began to watch T.V. at 6

I’m still watching T.V.

I’VE BEEN watchING T.V. since 6

b. He began to visit her every Saturday a long time ago

He still visits her every Saturday

He’S BEEN visitING her every Saturday for a long time

We started to go to Perth for our holidays in 1970

We still go to Perth for our holidays

We’VE BEEN goING to Perth for our holidays since 1970

Beberapa catatan mengenai bentuk continuous (= bentuk -ing) dari Present Perfect Tense

Tense ini dibentuk sebagai berikut:

HAVE/HAS + BEEN + . . . . . . . . ING

I HAVE BEEN swimmING

HE HAS BEEN studyING

(akhiran . . . ING menandakan bentuk waktu continuous)

We HAVE BEEN practisING

HAVE/HAS biasanya dipersingkat:

I have been swimming menjadi I’ve been swimming

He has been studying menjadi He’s been studying

Bentuk continuous ini dipakai untuk menggambarkan suatu kegiatan yang dimulai pada waktu yang lampau. Kegiatan itu berlangsung terus-menerus sampai waktu sekarang (lihatlah contoh-contoh a di atas); atau kegiatan itu dapat berlangsung dengan terputus-putus sampai waktu sekarang (lihatlah contoh-contoh b di atas).

Seringkali since/for dipakai dengan tense ini diikuti oleh ungkapan keterangan waktu (lihatlah contoh-contoh dalam a dan b di atas). Sering pula dipakai kata-kata lain dengan tense ini untuk menunjukkan kegiatan yang merupakan kebiasaan yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan berlangsung sampai waktu sekarang (lihatlah contoh-contoh dalam b di atas).

Membentuk Pertanyaan Dalam Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Pertanyaan: How long HAVE YOU BEEN practising?

Jawaban Panjang: I’ve been practising since 10 o’clock

Jawaban Pendek: Since 10 o’clock

Pertanyaan: How long HAS HE BEEN waiting here?

Jawaban Panjang: He’s been waiting here for an hour

Jawaban Pendek: For an hour

Pertanyaan: How long HAS IT BEEN raining?

Jawaban Panjang: It’s been raining for hours

Jawaban Pendek: For hours

Kita dapat membuat pertanyaan dalam tense ini dengan dua cara:

(a) mulai dengan How long (= Berapa lama), kalau kita menanyakan jangka waktu suatu perbuatan berlangsung (lihatlah contoh-contoh pada halaman 82);

(b) tanpa How long, seperti dalam contoh-contoh di bawah ini.

(Perhatikanlah letak kata-kata dalam kedua jenis pertanyaan.)

HAS HE BEEN WORKING here for long?*

HAS IT BEEN RAINING there since yesterday?

HAVE THEY BEEN ATTENDING lectures since the beginning of the year?

*Perhatikanlah cara memakai ungkapan for a long time dan for long:

Kalimat berita: He’s been working here for a long time.

Pertanyaan: Has he been working here for long? (Jawaban pendek: Yes, for a long time atau No, not for long.)

Kalimat menyangkal: He hasn’t been working here for long.

(Kadang-kadang kata for dapat dihilangkan, tetapi lebih baik dipakai.)

BERSIAP-SIAPLAH UNTUK MENDENGAR KATA-KATA DAN UNGKAPAN INI DALAM SIARAN

a pineapple [PAInæpəl] = nanas

glasses [GLĀsəz] = kacamata

a piano [piyÆNóu] = piano

a habit [HÆBət] = kebiasaan

breakfast time [BREKfəs(t) TAIM] = waktu makan pagi

wake up — woke up — woken up [WEIK_AP — WOUK_AP — WOUKən_AP] = bangun

It’s raining heavily [əts REIning HEVəli] = Hujan lebat/keras

to have lessons [tə HÆV LESənz] = mempelajari sesuatu/mengambil pelajaran dalam sesuatu

to give something up = menghentikan kebiasaan berbuat sesuatu

How long has this been going on? = Sudah berapa lama hal ini berlangsung?

two afternoons a week [TŪW_āftəNŪNZ_ə WĪK] = dua sore seminggu

Out you go! [AUT_yū GOU] = Ayo, keluar!

Sekarang, mari persiapkan diri untuk mengikuti siaran interaktif berikut:

PART II: AFTER THE BROADCAST

PERCAKAPAN

LUCIA: Hi, Chris! What are you doing?

CHRIS: I’m practising my Indonesian.

LUCIA: How long have you been learning?

CHRIS: For four weeks.

LUCIA: Who’s teaching you?

CHRIS: Iwan, of course. He’s been helping me every day for four weeks.

LUCIA: He’s a good friend, isn’t he?

CHRIS: He certainly is!

LATIHAN

A. Lihatlah contoh-contoh berikut, kemudian lakukanlah latihannya dengan cara yang sama.

Contoh: He started to study at 9 o’clock, and he’s still studying. He’s been studying . . . . . . 9 o’clock.

Jawab: He’s been studying since 9 o’clock.

Contoh: He started to work three hours ago, and he’s still working. He’s been working . . . . . . three hours.

Jawab: He’s been working for three hours.

1. They began to practise an hour ago, and they’re still practising. They’ve been practising . . . . . . an hour.
2. It started to rain last night, and it’s still raining. It’s been raining . . . . . . last night.
3. We started to paint the house yesterday, and we’re still painting it. We’ve been painting the house . . . . . . yesterday.
4. He started to write a book two months ago, and he’s still writing it. He’s been writing the book . . . . . . two months.
5. They began to build that house last month, and they’re still building it. They’ve been building the house . . . . . . last month.
6. They began to play tennis at 2 o’clock, and they’re still playing. They’ve been playing tennis . . . . . . 2 o’clock.
7. I started to type this letter ten minutes ago, and I’m still typing it. I’ve been typing the letter . . . . . . ten minutes.

B. Lihatlah contohnya, kemudian lakukanlah latihannya dengan cara yang sama. Pakailah dalam jawaban saudara for atau since.

Contoh: I always visit my friend on Saturday. I started last year.

Jawab: I’ve been visiting my friend on Saturday since last year.

1. He phones her twice a week. He started in July.
2. They go to Brisbane once a year. They started in 1970.
3. She smokes a lot. She started years ago.
4. We always play tennis on Sunday afternoon. We started last year.
5. He wears glasses. He started two years ago.
6. I always swim there. I began last summer.

C. Bentuklah pertanyaan yang mulai dengan How long.

Contoh: Bill’s been studying for three years. (Jack)

Jawab: How long has Jack been studying?

1. She’s been working there for a long time. (He)
2. They’ve been attending lectures since March. (You)
3. I’ve been playing the piano for years. (Mary)
4. This has been going on for a long time. (That)
5. I’ve been watching TV since 6 o’clock. (They)
6. He’s been practising for a few weeks. (You)