Pelajaran 61 – Who Whose Which

PART I: BEFORE THE BROADCAST

WHO? WHOSE? WHICH? Kata Tanya — lanjutan

WHO [HŪ] = siapa

(a)

Chris left an apple on the table. Someone took it. Who took it? Iwan (did).

Someone ate it. Who ate it? Iwan (did).

Chris: “Someone’s eaten my apple.” → Who’s eaten it? → Iwan (has).

Chris: “Someone’s knocking at the door.” → Who’s knocking? → Bert (is).

Iwan: “Someone wants to come in.” → Who wants to come in? → Bert (does).

Helen: “Someone locked the door.” → Who locked it? → Jane (did).

Who biasanya diikuti oleh bentuk tunggal kata kerja: Who’s knocking? Who wants . . .?

Lihatlah bagaimana kita membentuk pertanyaan jenis pertama dengan WHO:

Someone took it.

Kita memakai WHO + VERB

WHO took it?

(b)

Helen: “Chris likes someone.” → Who does he like? He likes Lucia.

Helen: “Chris’s talking to someone.” → Who’s he talking to? → Jane.

Sekarang lihatlah bagaimana kita membentuk pertanyaan jenis kedua dengan WHO:

Chris likes someone.

Kita memakai WHO + VERB (dalam bentuk pertanyaan)

WHO does Chris like?

(Lihatlah kembali (a) di atas — kata kerja dalam contoh tersebut TIDAK dalam bentuk pertanyaan)

(c) Someone’S there. → Who’s there? (Lihatlah catatan pada halaman berikut untuk pertanyaan yang memakai WHO + kata kerja BE.)

WHOSE [HŪZ] + kata benda = kata benda + siapa

(a)

Whose phone rang? (= Tilpon siapa yang berbunyi?) → The typist’s.

Whose husband arrived late at the party? → Margaret’s.

Lihatlah bagaimana kita membuat pertanyaan jenis pertama dengan WHOSE:

The typist’s telephone rang.

Kita memakai WHOSE + NOUN + VERB (tetapi kata kerjanya tidak dalam bentuk pertanyaan)

WHOSE telephone rang?

(b) Whose car did she drive? → She drove Bert’s (car).

Whose book did Chris borrow? → Jane’s.

Lihatlah bagaimana kita membuat pertanyaan jenis kedua dengan WHOSE:

She drove Bert’s car.

Whose car did she drive?

Kita memakai WHOSE + NOUN + VERB (dalam bentuk pertanyaan)

(c) Whose books are these? → They’re Helen’s (books).

Whose shirts are these? → They’re Chris’s.

Whose bedroom’s this? → It’s Jane’s.

Whose cattle station’s that? → It’s Tom and Betty Field’s.

Whose (chocolate) is this? → It’s Margaret’s.

Untuk membuat pertanyaan seperti di atas (WHOSE …… are these? WHOSE …… is that?) kita memakai bentuk pertanyaan kata kerjanya.

Catatan:

(i) Tidak ada perbedaan ucapan antara whose [HŪZ] dan who’s [HŪZ] (= who is).

(ii) Baik dalam pertanyaan maupun dalam jawabannya, kata benda dapat dihilangkan kalau apa yang dimaksudkan sudah jelas bagi kedua pembicara.

WHICH [WIC] = Yang mana

(a)

Which man spoke? → Mr Jones did.

Which girl typed these letters? → I did.

(b) Which tie will I wear? → The red one.

Which box do you want? → The small one.

Which dress was Mum wearing? → Her new one.

Which (book) have you read? → That one.

Catatan: Dalam pertanyaan, kata benda di belakang WHICH dapat dihilangkan kalau sudah diketahui oleh pembicara — lihatlah catatan (ii) tentang whose.

(c) Which is the best book? → This one.

Which is the shortest way? → That way.

Which are the cheapest (eggs)? → These ones.

Ketiga jenis pertanyaan dengan WHICH mempunyai pola yang sama dengan ketiga jenis pertanyaan dengan WHO dan WHOSE.

Sekarang lihatlah beberapa jawaban atas pertanyaan tertentu dengan who/which:

A. Jawaban atas pertanyaan tertentu dengan who

There’s someone at the door. → “Who is it?” → “It’s John.”

There’s someone outside. → “Who’s there?” → “It’s John and Bob.”

Someone’s knocking. → “Who’s that?” → “It’s me.”

Jawaban atas pertanyaan dengan who seperti di atas dapat dimulai dengan kata it. Kata it selalu diikuti oleh bentuk tunggal kata kerja, meskipun kita akan menyebutkan lebih dari satu nama dalam jawaban itu. Dan kalau kita memakai kata ganti dan bukan nama, maka bentuk kata ganti itu adalah bentuknya yang dipakai di belakang kata kerja: It’s me. It’s her. It’s them. It was us.

B. Jawaban atas pertanyaan tertentu dengan which.

“Which tie will I wear?” → “The red one.” (= the red tie)

“Which shoes do you like?” → “The brown ones.” (= the brown shoes)

“Which house did they buy?” → “The one next to my uncle’s.” (= the house next to . . .)

“Which one have you read?” → “This one.” (= this book/newspaper dsb.)

Dalam jawaban biasanya kita pakai kata one/ones untuk mengganti kata benda yang disebutkan dalam pertanyaannya. Perhatikanlah juga bahwa kata one/ones dapat dipakai dalam pertanyaan kalau kata bendanya sudah diketahui oleh kedua pembicara.

BE READY FOR THESE WORDS AND PHRASES IN THE BROADCAST

take-took-taken [TEIK-TUK-TEIkn]

knock at the door [NOK_et dhə DŌ] = mengetuk pintu

break the door down [BREIK dhə DŌ DAUN] = mendobrak pintu

close [KLOUZ] = menutup

go with someone [GOU widh samwan] = berpacaran/berkencan

go out with someone [gouw_AUT widh samwan] = berpacaran/berkencan

a hat [HÆT] = topi

a tool [TŪL] = alat

a bag [BÆG] = tas

a parcel [PĀsel] = bungkusan

a belt [BELT] = ikat pinggang

who

whose

which

whom

striped [STRAIPT] = seterip-seterip

brown [BRAUN] = warna coklat

the shopping centre down the road [dhə SYOPing SENTə daun dhə ROUD] = pusat pertokoan di sana

(It’s) down there [DAUN DHEƏ] = di situ

Someone’s coming up the path [SAMwanz KAMing ap dhə PĀTH] = Ada orang datang (melalui jalan setapak itu)

I had no idea [ai hæd NOU_aiDĪə] = Saya tidak tahu sama sekali

at the door [ət dhə DŌ] = di pintu

I left the book on the table [ai LEFT dhə BUK_on dhə TEIbəl] = Buku itu tertinggal di atas meja

my brothers’ shop [mai BRADHəz SYOP] = toko milik saudara-saudara lelaki saya

Sekarang, mari persiapkan diri untuk mengikuti siaran interaktif berikut:

PART II: AFTER THE BROADCAST

Apakah saudara masih ingat kata THEN yang berguna itu? Dalam siaran kita mendengar “Well, who owns it, then?” Lihatlah kembali catatan tentang kata THEN dalam Pelajaran 5. Dan perhatikanlah juga pemakaian kata ini dalam percakapan berikut.

(Guido is serving Mrs Smith in the fruit shop).

GUIDO: Do you want some of these apples, then, Mrs Smith?

MRS SMITH: Which ones?

GUIDO: These ones here. They’re very cheap.

MRS SMITH: Yes, I’d like some of those, thanks. By the way, Guido, whose shop is this?

GUIDO: It’s my brothers’ shop.

MRS SMITH: Which brother?

GUIDO: I’ve got three brothers. They all own the shop.

MRS SMITH: I see. You don’t own it, then?

GUIDO: No, but I’m going to buy a shop soon. I’ve seen one . . . it’s in the new shopping centre.

MRS SMITH: Which shopping centre?

GUIDO: The one down the road.

MRS SMITH: It isn’t far from here, then?

GUIDO: No.

MRS SMITH: And who’s going to help you in your shop?

GUIDO: Cecilia.

MRS SMITH: Who?

GUIDO: My wife.

MRS SMITH: Oh yes. And who else?

GUIDO: Paul’s going to help me too.

MRS SMITH: Paul? Oh . . . I think I’ve met Paul. Whose son is he?

GUIDO: He’s my son. Now, Mrs Smith, what about a couple of nice pineapples?

MRS SMITH: Well . . . just one, thanks.

EXERCISES

A. Bacalah kembali percakapan pada halaman 33 dan jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut. Berikanlah jawaban singkat di mana mungkin.

1. Did Mrs Smith buy any apples?
2. How many brothers has Guido got? (He’s . . .)
3. Who owns the fruit shop?
4. Which shopping centre does Guido mention? (The . . .)
5. Who’s going to help Guido in his shop?
6. Whose son is Paul? (He’s . . .)
7. Did Mrs Smith buy two pineapples?
8. Is Guido a friendly person?
9. Does Mrs Smith ask a lot of questions?

B. Isilah titik-titik di bawah ini dengan WHO, WHICH atau WHOSE . . .

Questions → Answers

1. . . . son is he? → He’s Guido’s son.
2. . . . tie did he wear? → He wore the red one.
3. . . . book did you borrow? → I borrowed Jane’s.
4. . . . told her? → Chris told her.
5. . . . did he tell? → He told Iwan.
6. . . . one did you like? → I liked the red one.

C. Buatlah pertanyaan dengan WHO, WHOSE atau WHICH tentang apa yang dicetak tebal. Lihatlah contoh-contoh berikut:

Example: Someone came. → Answer: Who came?

Example: He bought the red tie. → Answer: Which tie did he buy?

1. Someone’s knocking at the door.
2. The Qantas plane was late.
3. This is Jane’s hat.
4. She goes out with my son.
5. He’s ringing someone up.
6. The possum ate Jane’s bread.
7. He met someone yesterday.
8. She saw the French film last night.

D. A dan B berada dalam ruangan yang sama. A bertanya kepada B tentang siapa C yang berada di luar ruangan atau yang kelihatan jauh dari mereka. B akan memberikan jawaban singkat, kemudian C juga akan menjawabnya dengan singkat.

Dalam contoh pertama di bawah ini C adalah Iwan dan Chris, sedangkan dalam contoh kedua C adalah Jane. Dalam latihan ini tugas saudara adalah menuliskan jawaban B dan C seperti dalam kedua contoh tersebut.

Example: A: Who’s there? (It’s Iwan and Chris) → Answer: B: It’s them. → C: It’s us.

Example: A: Who’s that? (It’s Jane) → Answer: B: It’s her. → C: It’s me.

1. Who is it? (It’s Helen)
2. Who’s that? (It’s Chris and Iwan)
3. Who’s there? (It’s Don)
4. Who is it? (It’s Jane)
5. Who’s that? (It’s Chris and Lucia)
6. Who’s there? (It’s Mr Smart)