Pelajaran 88 – Menggunakan Kata Kerja Dalam Bentuk Pasif

PART I: BEFORE THE BROADCAST

Dalam Lesson 86 kita mempelajari pemakaian bentuk kata kerja pasip (dalam bahasa Inggeris disebut the PASSIVE). Kalau perlu, lihatlah kembali keterangan tentang PEMAKAIAN dan PEMBENTUKAN kata kerja seperti ini dalam pelajaran tersebut. Dalam pelajaran ini akan diberikan keterangan bagaimana kita menunjukkan TENSE dalam kalimat yang mengandung kata kerja dalam bentuk pasip (the PASSIVE). (Tidak semua jenis tense berikut ini akan dipakai dalam siaran.)

Lihatlah contoh-contoh berikut:

Australia Day IS celebrateD in January (every year). (Simple Present)

Problems ARE (usually) discussED during tutorials. (Simple Present)

The rubbish WAS collectED yesterday. (Simple Past)

These bananas WERE growN in Queensland. (Simple Past)

The bill WILL BE senT at the end of the month. (Future)

A meeting between the Prime Minister and the President HAS BEEN arrangeD. (Present Perfect)

All the blankets HAVE BEEN washED this week. (Present Perfect)

The dress HAD already BEEN SOLD when she got to the shop. (Past Perfect)

Your order IS BEING checkED now. (Present Continuous)

While his car WAS BEING repairED, he caught the bus to work. (Past Continuous)

Pedoman 1

Tense dari kata kerja seluruhnya ditunjukkan oleh tense dari kata kerja be. (Was adalah bentuk Simple Past dari be, was being merupakan bentuk Past Continuous dari be, dsb.)

Pedoman 2

Kata kerja pertama dalam bentuk tunggal atau jamak tergantung pada pokok kalimatnya (topic). Misalnya:

Pokok: A meeting between the Prime Minister and the President

Kata Kerja Pasip: has been arranged. (satu pertemuan—tunggal)

Pokok: All the blankets (jamak)

Kata Kerja Pasip: have been washed.

Pedoman 3

Bentuk kata kerja utama selalu tetap sama, yaitu bentuk Past Participle (arranged, sold, dsb.).

Pedoman 4

Kata NOT ditaruh langsung di belakang kata kerja pertama, dan dalam bahasa Inggeris lisan seringkali digabung dengan kata kerja tersebut. Selama mengikuti siaran, perhatikanlah bunyi [-NT] yang terdapat dalam kalimat negatip. Berikut ini adalah beberapa contoh kalimat negatip. Perhatikanlah benar-benar di mana letak kata NOT:

Pokok: The rubbish

Kata Kerja Pasip: WASN’T collectED yesterday.

Pokok: The bill

Kata Kerja Pasip: WON’T BE senT until the end of the month.

Pokok: The date of the concert

Kata Kerja Pasip: HASN’T BEEN arrangeD yet.

Catatan: Letak kata-kata seperti always, never, usually, dsb. sama dengan kata not. Lihatlah contoh-contoh berikut:

The mail is usually delivered before midday.

Steel is always used to make cars.

A cow with five legs has never been seen.

Pedoman 5

Dalam kalimat berita, POKOK mendahului kata kerja (lihatlah contoh-contoh dalam Pedoman 2 dan 4), sedangkan dalam pertanyaan POKOK diletakkan di belakang bagian pertama kata kerjanya (lihatlah contoh di bawah ini).

Kata Tanya: —

Bagian Pertama Kata Kerja: WILL

Pokok Kalimat: the blankets

Bagian Lain Kata Kerja: BE washED

Sisa Kalimat: by the end of the week?

Kata Tanya: —

Bagian Pertama Kata Kerja: WILL

Pokok Kalimat: my bill

Bagian Lain Kata Kerja: BE senT?

Sisa Kalimat: —

Kata Tanya: —

Bagian Pertama Kata Kerja: HAS

Pokok Kalimat: the meeting

Bagian Lain Kata Kerja: BEEN arrangeD

Sisa Kalimat: yet?

Kata Tanya: Whereabouts

Bagian Pertama Kata Kerja: WERE

Pokok Kalimat: these bananas

Bagian Lain Kata Kerja: growN?

Sisa Kalimat: —

Kata Tanya: Why

Bagian Pertama Kata Kerja: HASN’T

Pokok Kalimat: the money

Bagian Lain Kata Kerja: BEEN counteED

Sisa Kalimat: yet?

BE READY FOR THESE WORDS AND PHRASES DURING THE BROADCAST

elect [əˈLEKT] = memilih

employ [əmˈPLOI] = mempekerjakan

install [inˈSTŌL] = memasang

produce [prəˈDYŪS] = membuat/menghasilkan

recommend [rekəˈMEND] = menganjurkan

test [TEST] = mencoba/mengetes

the brakes [BREIKS] = rem

a horn [HŌN] = klakson

the lights [LAITS] = lampu

the steering [STIəring] = setir

a wheel [WĪL] = roda

a dealer [DĪlə] = penyalur

glass [GLĀS] = kaca

the organization [ōgənaiˈZEIsyən] = organisasi

wheat [WĪT] = terigu/gandum

a window [WINdou] = jendela

a storage area [STŌrijeəriyə] = tempat penyimpanan

per term [pə TĒM] = setiap kwartal

was damaged [DÆMijd] = rusak

wasn’t injured [INjəd] = tidak luka

pull down [PUL DAUN] = membongkar

replace [rəˈPLEIS] = mengganti

were smashed [SMÆSYT] = hancur

weed [WĪD] = menyiangi

ride-rode-ridden [RAID-ROUD-RIDən] = naik/mengendarai

gradually [GRÆJū(wə)li] = sedikit demi sedikit

luckily [LAKəli] = untunglah

There was a lot of talk among the neighbours = (Hal itu) merupakan kabar hangat di antara para tetangga

Sekarang, mari persiapkan diri untuk mengikuti siaran interaktif berikut:

PART II: AFTER THE BROADCAST

Beberapa ungkapan lain dengan per: per day, per week, per month, per year

Catatan: 1. Kita telah mengetahui kata between. Kata ini dipakai untuk dua orang atau benda, sedangkan untuk lebih dari dua digunakan kata among [əˈMANG].

By = oleh. Kata ini kadang-kadang dipakai dalam kalimat pasip (lihatlah Lesson 92).

Suatu pertanyaan yang sering diajukan dan yang sering dijawab dengan bentuk Pasip, ialah . . . WHAT HAPPENED TO . . . ? / WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO . . . ? dsb.

Misalnya—

What happened to those old books? — They were thrown out.

(= Buku-buku lama itu diapakan?) — (= Dibuang.)

HARI AUSTRALIA

Tanggal 26 Januari adalah hari nasional Australia. Pada tanggal tersebut dalam tahun 1788, Kapten Arthur Phillip (lihatlah Lesson 78) memasuki Sydney Harbour, dan mulailah kolonisasi orang Eropah di daerah tersebut.

Sekarang, pada hari Senin yang terdekat dengan tanggal 26 Januari, di seluruh Australia diadakan upacara peringatan. Hari tersebut merupakan hari ulang tahun Australia, dan dinyatakan sebagai hari libur resmi.

EXERCISES

A. Bacalah bacaan berikut dengan teliti, kemudian tuliskanlah kembali serta….

(i) garis-bawahilah setiap kata kerjanya.

(ii) tuliskan huruf P di atas kata kerja yang menurut saudara merupakan bentuk pasip.

(iii) lingkarilah pokok dari setiap kata kerja dalam bentuk pasip.

The house across the street was sold recently. It had been owned by an old couple who were not able to look after it well. They were given some help by their neighbours but the garden wasn’t weeded and the lawns weren’t mowed often enough. The trees hadn’t been pruned for years and were very tall. The outside of the house hadn’t been painted for a long time.

For some time after the old couple had left, the house was empty. There was a lot of talk among the neighbours. Some said that the house would be pulled down and flats would be built. Others said the local council had bought the house. At last we found out the truth. A young couple moved into the house and began to repair it. They quickly improved the area outside the house: the trees were pruned, the garden was weeded and the long grass was cut. Soon the garden looked as good as all the other gardens in the street.

Now the house itself is gradually being changed. Some of the windows are being made larger. The front door that was broken has been replaced; the old roof has been taken off, and a new one has been put on. Soon it will be one of the best houses in the street.

And the young couple are very friendly. They are liked by all their neighbours.

B. Bacalah kembali bacaan di atas, kemudian jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut. Berikanlah jawaban singkat di mana mungkin.

(1) When was the house across the street sold? (It . . .)

(2) Had the garden been looked after well?

(3) Why were the trees so tall?

(4) What happened later to the area outside the house? (The trees . . . . . .)

(5) What is happening to the windows? (Some of them . . .)

(6) What changes have been made to the house?

(7) Do the neighbours like the young couple?

C. Bacakanlah bacaan dalam Exercise A dengan keras kepada seorang teman. Kemudian berlatihlah bertanya-jawab dengan menggunakan pertanyaan-pertanyaan dalam Exercise B. Jangan lupa untuk berganti peranan, dan dengarkanlah juga apabila teman saudara membacakan bacaan di atas dengan keras.